Introduction
The flash of sapphire against emerald, a tiny jewel of flight, the Eastern Bluebird. These vibrant birds, with their cheerful songs and gentle nature, are a delight to behold. More than just a pretty face, bluebirds play a vital role in our ecosystems, helping to control insect populations and contributing to the health of our gardens and landscapes. However, these beautiful creatures, like many other bird species, have faced challenges in recent decades, including habitat loss and competition. But there’s a simple yet powerful way we can help: providing them with the right food, specifically through the use of feeders.
Feeding bluebirds can be a profoundly rewarding experience, bringing these dazzling birds closer to your home and garden. It can also make a genuine difference in their survival, especially during harsh weather or when natural food sources are scarce. But to truly support bluebirds, you must understand their needs and provide the right nourishment. This comprehensive guide delves into the best foods for bluebirds, how to set up your feeders effectively, and provides essential tips for success. We’ll explore the intricacies of their diet, discuss the best foods to offer, and provide all the information you need to become a successful bluebird feeder!
Understanding Bluebird Diets and Needs
To attract and sustain a thriving bluebird population, understanding their dietary requirements is paramount. Knowing what they naturally eat and what they require nutritionally allows us to mimic and enhance their foraging behavior, leading to more positive outcomes.
Bluebirds are primarily insectivores, meaning their natural diet is centered around insects. This includes a wide range of invertebrates, with the exact prey depending on the season and availability. These little predators are constantly on the hunt, and the majority of their meals are collected mid-air or from the ground.
Natural Diet
The main staples of a bluebird’s natural diet are:
- Insects: They primarily consume insects such as grasshoppers, crickets, beetles, caterpillars, spiders, and other small invertebrates. They are particularly fond of insects they can catch on the wing. This high protein diet is vital for their active lifestyle and overall health.
- Berries and Fruits: Bluebirds will supplement their diet with berries and fruits, particularly during the late summer and fall. This provides them with carbohydrates and essential vitamins, acting as a valuable source of energy before and during their migration, and in the harsher winter months.
- Seeds and Grains: Bluebirds are not typically seed eaters, but they might consume small seeds or grains when other food sources are limited.
Beyond understanding their natural diet, it’s essential to recognize their specific nutritional needs. Bluebirds have a high metabolism, requiring a diet rich in protein, fats, and carbohydrates to support their active lifestyle. Protein is critical for growth, feather development, and muscle maintenance, while fats and carbohydrates provide the necessary energy for flight, thermoregulation, and all their daily activities. Finally, water is incredibly important. Keep a source of fresh, clean water available at all times.
The Best Bluebird Foods for Feeders
Choosing the right food for your bluebird feeder is critical to attracting and supporting these beautiful birds. While several options are available, some foods are far superior to others in terms of nutritional value and palatability.
Mealworms
Mealworms are perhaps the single best food you can offer to bluebirds. These insect larvae are packed with protein and are a natural food source that birds love.
- Live vs. Dried: Live mealworms are generally the most attractive option because they move and resemble the live insects that bluebirds naturally consume. Dried mealworms are more convenient and have a longer shelf life, but some birds may be less enthusiastic about them. If using dried mealworms, consider soaking them in water to rehydrate them and make them more appealing.
- Sourcing: You can purchase mealworms from several places. Online retailers specializing in bird food often have a wide selection and competitive pricing. Local pet stores and garden centers may also carry them.
- Preparation: Offering mealworms in a feeder is usually straightforward. For live mealworms, use a feeder with smooth sides to prevent them from escaping. For dried mealworms, offer them in a separate feeder. Some prefer to keep it separate, while others mix it with other food.
Suet
Suet is a high-energy food made from animal fat, seeds, and grains. It’s a good choice, especially during the colder months when bluebirds need extra calories to stay warm.
- Composition: Suet cakes and nuggets are made from a base of rendered animal fat, often beef or suet, and are mixed with seeds, grains, and sometimes dried fruit or insects.
- Types: Suet is available in different forms, including cakes, nuggets, and pellets. The suet cakes can be placed in cages, while nuggets can be offered in tray feeders or other feeder types.
- Benefits: Suet offers a concentrated source of calories and energy, making it an excellent choice during the winter. It’s particularly beneficial for bluebirds who must expend more energy to keep warm in cold weather.
Fruits
Fresh fruit provides essential vitamins and carbohydrates.
- Types to Offer: Blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, and grapes are particularly well-received. Sliced apples, pears, or other soft fruits can also be offered.
- Preparation: Cut fruit into small pieces or slices to make them easier for bluebirds to eat. Ensure any fruit is fresh and not treated with any pesticides or harmful chemicals.
Seed and Grain
While bluebirds are not primarily seed eaters, some seed mixes can be beneficial, especially those designed with insects in mind.
- Types: Look for mealworm-based seed blends or mixes that include small seeds such as nyjer (thistle).
- Considerations: Seed quality is paramount. Make sure you’re using a good-quality mix with fresh ingredients. Seed size is also important: Bluebirds prefer small, easily manageable seeds.
Considerations and Food to Avoid
- Avoid food with preservatives or additives, as these can be harmful.
- Do not feed bread. This provides very little nutritional value for birds and can lead to the birds becoming less healthy.
- Always check any food you get for pesticides. Pesticides are extremely harmful and should be avoided at all costs.
Setting Up a Bluebird Feeder
The right feeder setup significantly impacts your success in attracting bluebirds and keeping them returning to your yard.
Types of Feeders
- Tray Feeders: Tray feeders are simple and easy to set up. They provide an open platform for birds to access food easily. The downside is they offer little protection from the weather or predators.
- Box Feeders: Box feeders mimic the natural nesting cavities that bluebirds seek out. They are more protected and can be beneficial in attracting them.
- Other Feeder Types: Platform feeders, hanging feeders, and specialty bluebird feeders are also available. The best option will depend on your budget, available space, and the specific needs of the bluebirds in your area.
Location, Location, Location
- Placement: Bluebirds prefer open areas where they can spot predators easily. Choose a spot away from dense shrubs and trees.
- Height: Place the feeder at an appropriate height, such as five to six feet from the ground.
- Proximity to Shelter: Place the feeder near shrubs or small trees, to provide shelter from wind, rain, and sunlight.
Predator Protection
- Baffles: Consider adding a baffle to the feeder pole to deter squirrels, raccoons, and other predators.
- Other Deterrents: You can add a screen around a feeder or use netting to protect the food from predators.
Maintaining and Monitoring Your Bluebird Feeder
Proper maintenance and monitoring are critical to ensure your bluebird feeder remains a safe and inviting place.
Cleaning
- Frequency: Clean the feeder regularly, especially during warm, humid weather, to prevent the spread of disease.
- Methods: Wash the feeder with warm, soapy water, rinse thoroughly, and allow it to dry completely. If you have a serious outbreak of disease, use a dilute bleach solution as a sanitizer.
Food Replenishment
- Frequency: Refill the feeder as needed, but avoid overfilling it.
- Storage: Store food in an airtight container in a cool, dry place to prevent spoilage and pest infestations.
Observation
- Bird Identification: Learn to identify bluebirds and other birds that visit your feeder.
- Behavior: Pay attention to the birds’ feeding habits, their interaction with the feeder, and any signs of distress or disease.
- Record Keeping: Consider keeping a log of the birds that visit your feeder, the types of food you offer, and any other relevant observations. This can help you understand the birds’ behavior and make adjustments to your feeding program as needed.
Additional Tips for Attracting Bluebirds
- Water Sources:
- Birdbaths: A birdbath provides a vital source of water for drinking and bathing. Choose a shallow dish with a rough surface to allow the birds to land and grip easily.
- Drip Systems: Use a drip system or a water mister to create a constant water source, adding moisture and keeping the birdbath clean.
- Habitat Enhancement:
- Nest Boxes: Provide nest boxes for bluebirds, especially in areas where natural nesting cavities are scarce.
- Landscaping: Plant native plants, shrubs, and berry-producing plants to create a natural food source and provide shelter.
- Patience:
It may take time to attract bluebirds to your feeder. Remain patient and continue to offer high-quality food and a safe, welcoming environment. - Community Involvement:
Consider connecting with local birding groups. This can help you learn more about bluebirds and other birds in your area.
Conclusion
Feeding bluebirds offers a unique opportunity to witness the wonders of nature firsthand, fostering a deeper appreciation for the avian world. By understanding their needs, choosing the right foods, and providing a safe and welcoming environment, you can significantly increase your chances of attracting and sustaining a healthy bluebird population. The joy of watching these exquisite birds thrive in your backyard is a testament to the positive impact of human action.
With a little effort, you can create a haven for these enchanting creatures, not only delighting your eyes but also playing a role in their continued existence.
